Many IT systems end up producing logs of events. These logs can be analyzed.
There is a new book by a very well know workflow researcher: Wil M.P. van der Aalst.
Highlights (taken from Springer site)
- First book on process mining, bridging the gap between business process modeling and business intelligence.
- Written by one of the most influential and most-cited computer scientists and the best-known BPM researcher.
- Self-contained and comprehensive overview for a broad audience in academia and industry.
- The reader can put process mining into practice immediately due to the applicability of the techniques and the availability of the open-source process mining software ProM.
Here are the links to the book:
http://www.processmining.org/book/start
http://www.amazon.com/Process-Mining-Discovery-Conformance-Enhancement/dp/3642193447/
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